![]() As a consequence of this, the CERT Coordination Center considers variadic functions in C to be a high-severity security risk. The attack is possible because the language support for variadic functions is not type-safe: it permits the function to attempt to pop more arguments off the stack than were placed there, corrupting the stack and leading to unexpected behavior. ![]() For instance, C's printf, if used incautiously, can give rise to a class of security holes known as format string attacks. Variadic functions can expose type-safety problems in some languages. Both take one argument that specifies the formatting of the output, and any number of arguments that provide the values to be formatted. The C function printf and the Common Lisp function format are two such examples. ![]() For instance, the summing of numbers or the concatenation of strings or other sequences are operations that can be thought of as applicable to any number of operands (even though formally in these cases the associative property is applied).Īnother operation that has been implemented as a variadic function in many languages is output formatting. There are many mathematical and logical operations that come across naturally as variadic functions. ![]()
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